{ "name": "goingcritical.org reactor criticality dataset", "license": "CC BY 4.0 — attribute goingcritical.org", "updated": "2026-07-11", "count": 130, "reactors": [ { "slug": "aalo-x", "name": "Aalo-X", "country": "United States", "developer": "Aalo Atomics", "design": "Sodium-cooled, LEU uranium-dioxide-fueled experimental reactor (XMR / Critical Test Reactor for the 10-MWe Aalo-1)", "type": "microreactor", "capacity_mw": 10, "site": "Idaho National Laboratory (adjacent to Materials and Fuels Complex), Idaho Falls, Idaho", "status": "critical", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": "2025-08", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2026-07-04", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Fourth DOE-authorized reactor to reach criticality (zero-power fueled criticality at 12:20 a.m. MT, July 4, 2026), meeting the EO 14301 Independence Day goal", "sources": [ "https://www.aalo.com/updates/aalo-achieves-first-criticality", "https://www.powermag.com/aalo-atomics-test-reactor-reaches-criticality-at-inl-fourth-doe-authorized-advanced-reactor-by-july-4/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/criticality-for-fourth-us-microreactor-meets-deadline", "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250828289985/en/Aalo-Atomics-First-to-Break-Ground-as-Part-of-President-Trumps-Nuclear-Reactor-Pilot-Program", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "akkuyu-1", "name": "Akkuyu-1", "country": "Türkiye", "developer": "Akkuyu Nuclear JSC (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-509", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1114, "site": "Gülnar, Mersin Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2018-04-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First nuclear power reactor in Türkiye", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/dummy-fuel-successfully-loaded-in-akkuyu-1", "https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/akkuyu-npps-unit-1-launch-set-for-fall-2026-rosatom-ceo-223833", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=TR" ] }, { "slug": "akkuyu-2", "name": "Akkuyu-2", "country": "Türkiye", "developer": "Akkuyu Nuclear JSC (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-509", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1114, "site": "Gülnar, Mersin Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2020-04", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=TR" ] }, { "slug": "akkuyu-3", "name": "Akkuyu-3", "country": "Türkiye", "developer": "Akkuyu Nuclear JSC (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-509", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1114, "site": "Gülnar, Mersin Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=TR" ] }, { "slug": "akkuyu-4", "name": "Akkuyu-4", "country": "Türkiye", "developer": "Akkuyu Nuclear JSC (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-509", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1114, "site": "Gülnar, Mersin Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-07", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=TR" ] }, { "slug": "angra-3", "name": "Angra-3", "country": "Brazil", "developer": "Eletronuclear", "design": "Siemens/KWU pre-Konvoi PWR", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1340, "site": "Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro State", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2010-06", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "One of the world's longest-running unfinished reactor projects, begun in 1984", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/eletronuclear-says-study-backs-angra-3-completion", "https://energynews.pro/en/brazil-eletronuclear-optimizes-costs-and-postpones-angra-3-to-2031/", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=BR" ] }, { "slug": "antares-mark-0", "name": "Antares Mark-0", "country": "United States", "developer": "Antares Nuclear", "design": "Zero-power unit of the R1 sodium heat-pipe-cooled, HALEU TRISO-fueled microreactor", "type": "microreactor", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho", "status": "critical", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2026-06-04", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First reactor to reach criticality under the DOE Reactor Pilot Program (EO 14301); zero-power fueled criticality — no power conversion or heat removal systems", "sources": [ "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-celebrates-first-advanced-reactor-criticality", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8099/antares-achieves-zeropower-criticality-at-inl/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-criticality-for-us-microreactor-under-doe-programme", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "apsara", "name": "Apsara", "country": "India", "developer": "Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (now BARC)", "design": "Pool-type light-water research reactor (UK-supplied fuel)", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 1, "site": "Trombay, Mumbai", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1956-08-04", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First reactor in India and in Asia outside the USSR (rebuilt as Apsara-U in 2018)", "sources": [ "https://www.barc.gov.in/reactor/index.html", "https://dae.gov.in/" ] }, { "slug": "b-reactor", "name": "B Reactor (Hanford)", "country": "United States", "developer": "DuPont (Manhattan Project)", "design": "Water-cooled graphite-moderated plutonium production reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 250, "site": "Hanford Site, Washington", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1944-09-26", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First industrial-scale nuclear reactor; produced plutonium for the Trinity test and the Nagasaki bomb", "sources": [ "https://www.energy.gov/management/b-reactor", "https://www.nps.gov/places/b-reactor.htm" ] }, { "slug": "barakah-1", "name": "Barakah-1", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "developer": "ENEC / KEPCO", "design": "APR-1400 (Generation III PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1345, "site": "Barakah, Al Dhafra Region, Abu Dhabi", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2012-07-18", "fuel_load": "2020-02", "first_criticality": "2020-07-31", "grid_connection": "2020-08-19", "commercial_operation": "2021-04-01" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First nuclear power reactor in the Arab world", "sources": [ "https://www.enec.gov.ae/news/announcements/unit-1-first-criticality/", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1050" ] }, { "slug": "brest-od-300", "name": "BREST-OD-300", "country": "Russia", "developer": "Rosatom (Siberian Chemical Combine, Proryv project)", "design": "BREST-OD-300 lead-cooled fast reactor (nitride fuel)", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Seversk, Tomsk Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-06", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "World's first lead-cooled fast reactor demonstration unit, core of the Proryv closed-fuel-cycle pilot complex", "sources": [ "https://www.neimagazine.com/news/russias-brest-od-300-reactor-scheduled-for-physical-launch-in-2026-11572160/", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/Seversk-BREST-OD-300", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=RU" ] }, { "slug": "bushehr-2", "name": "Bushehr-2", "country": "Iran", "developer": "Nuclear Power Production and Development Company of Iran (Rosatom-built)", "design": "VVER-1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 974, "site": "Bushehr, Bushehr Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2019-11", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/rosatom-continuing-work-on-irans-bushehr-units-two-and-three", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/iran", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=IR" ] }, { "slug": "calder-hall-1", "name": "Calder Hall 1", "country": "United Kingdom", "developer": "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "design": "Magnox gas-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 49, "site": "Sellafield, Cumbria", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "1953-08-01", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1956-05-01", "grid_connection": "1956-08-27", "commercial_operation": "1956-10-01" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first commercial-scale nuclear power station (opened by Queen Elizabeth II, October 17, 1956)", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/CALDER-HALL-1", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/UK-marks-60th-anniversary-of-Calder-Hall" ] }, { "slug": "carem-25", "name": "CAREM-25", "country": "Argentina", "developer": "Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)", "design": "CAREM integral PWR (natural circulation)", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 25, "site": "Lima, Buenos Aires Province (adjacent to Atucha)", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2014-02", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Argentina's domestically designed small modular reactor, one of the first SMRs to begin construction worldwide", "sources": [ "https://www.neimagazine.com/news/argentinas-carem-25-smr-faces-setbacks/", "https://buenosairesherald.com/business/construction-of-first-argentine-made-nuclear-reactor-halted-amid-layoffs", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/carem25" ] }, { "slug": "changjiang-3", "name": "Changjiang-3", "country": "China", "developer": "China Huaneng / CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1000, "site": "Changjiang, Hainan", "status": "fuel-load", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-03-31", "fuel_load": "2026-04-30", "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=941", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-begins-at-changjiang-3", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-completed-at-two-new-chinese-units" ] }, { "slug": "changjiang-4", "name": "Changjiang-4", "country": "China", "developer": "China Huaneng / CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1000, "site": "Changjiang, Hainan", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-12-28", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=942", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-completed-at-two-new-chinese-units" ] }, { "slug": "chashma-5", "name": "Chashma-5 (C-5)", "country": "Pakistan", "developer": "Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)", "design": "Hualong One (HPR1000)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1117, "site": "Chashma, Mianwali District, Punjab", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-12-30", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Third Hualong One in Pakistan and its largest power reactor", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/ceremony-marks-first-concrete-for-pakistan-unit", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/pakistan", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=PK" ] }, { "slug": "chicago-pile-1", "name": "Chicago Pile-1", "country": "United States", "developer": "Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago", "design": "Graphite-moderated natural uranium pile", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 5e-7, "site": "Stagg Field, University of Chicago, Illinois", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "1942-11-16", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1942-12-02", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (k = 1.0006, 3:25 p.m., Dec 2, 1942)", "sources": [ "https://www.energy.gov/articles/happy-birthday-cp-1", "https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/firsts/index.html" ] }, { "slug": "cp-3", "name": "Chicago Pile-3 (CP-3)", "country": "United States", "developer": "Metallurgical Laboratory (Argonne site)", "design": "Heavy-water-moderated natural uranium reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.3, "site": "Argonne Forest (Site A), Palos Park, Illinois", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1944-05-15", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first heavy-water-moderated reactor", "sources": [ "https://www.anl.gov/article/the-historic-reactors-of-site-a", "https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1942-1944_pu/cp3.htm" ] }, { "slug": "clementine", "name": "Clementine", "country": "United States", "developer": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory", "design": "Plutonium-fueled, mercury-cooled fast reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.025, "site": "Los Alamos, New Mexico", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1946-11-21", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first fast-neutron reactor (full power reached March 1949)", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-5786/clementinethe-worlds-first-fast-neutron-reactor/", "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00295450.2023.2176686" ] }, { "slug": "clinch-river-bwrx-300", "name": "Clinch River Unit 1 (BWRX-300)", "country": "United States", "developer": "Tennessee Valley Authority", "design": "GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Clinch River Nuclear Site, Oak Ridge, Tennessee", "status": "announced", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First US construction permit application for the BWRX-300 (docketed July 2025); site holds the only NRC early site permit for SMRs", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-07-15/article-7192/nrc-dockets-tvas-clinch-river-construction-application/", "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-07-01/article-8174/clinch-river-construction-permit-recommendation-follows-safety-evaluation/", "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/07/07/2026-13662/tennessee-valley-authority-clinch-river-nuclear-site-unit-1-notice-of-hearing", "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/advanced/who-were-working-with/applicant-projects/clinch-river" ] }, { "slug": "crane-tmi-1", "name": "Crane Clean Energy Center (Three Mile Island Unit 1)", "country": "United States", "developer": "Constellation Energy", "design": "Babcock & Wilcox PWR", "type": "restart", "capacity_mw": 835, "site": "Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2024-09-20", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "Restart of TMI-1 (shut down for economic reasons Sept 26, 2019) under a 20-year PPA with Microsoft; backed by a $1B DOE loan", "sources": [ "https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/20/constellation-energy-to-restart-three-mile-island-and-sell-the-power-to-microsoft.html", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/constellation-seeks-regulators-help-for-2027-plant-restart", "https://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2025/09/one-year-later-crane-clean-energy-center-still-in-the-spotlight-and-ahead-of-schedule.html", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/constellation-secures-usd1-billion-federal-loann-for-three-mile-island-restart-11-3-2025", "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactors/ccec" ] }, { "slug": "darlington-bwrx-300-1", "name": "Darlington New Nuclear Project Unit 1 (BWRX-300)", "country": "Canada", "developer": "Ontario Power Generation", "design": "GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Darlington New Nuclear Project site, Clarington, Ontario", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-05", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2030", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First grid-scale SMR under construction in North America; CNSC issued the licence to construct Apr 4, 2025, and the first module (basemat) was placed May 1, 2026", "sources": [ "https://www.canada.ca/en/nuclear-safety-commission/news/2025/04/commission-authorizes-ontario-power-generation-inc-to-construct-1-bwrx-300-reactor-at-the-darlington-new-nuclear-project-site.html", "https://www.powermag.com/ontario-authorizes-opg-to-start-construction-of-first-commercial-nuclear-smr/", "https://www.neimagazine.com/news/darlington-advances-first-smr-unit/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/opg-applies-for-operating-licence-for-bwrx-300-smr" ] }, { "slug": "darlington-bwrx-300-2", "name": "Darlington New Nuclear Project Unit 2 (BWRX-300)", "country": "Canada", "developer": "Ontario Power Generation", "design": "GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Darlington New Nuclear Project site, Clarington, Ontario", "status": "site-prep", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Second of four planned BWRX-300 units at the Darlington New Nuclear Project", "sources": [ "https://www.opg.com/projects-services/projects/nuclear/smr/darlington-smr/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/what-is-the-budget-for-canadas-first-smr-project", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/opg-completes-excavation-works-at-darlington-bwrx-300-smr-project-3-1-2026" ] }, { "slug": "darlington-bwrx-300-3", "name": "Darlington New Nuclear Project Unit 3 (BWRX-300)", "country": "Canada", "developer": "Ontario Power Generation", "design": "GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Darlington New Nuclear Project site, Clarington, Ontario", "status": "site-prep", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Third of four planned BWRX-300 units at the Darlington New Nuclear Project", "sources": [ "https://www.opg.com/projects-services/projects/nuclear/smr/darlington-smr/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/what-is-the-budget-for-canadas-first-smr-project", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/opg-completes-excavation-works-at-darlington-bwrx-300-smr-project-3-1-2026" ] }, { "slug": "darlington-bwrx-300-4", "name": "Darlington New Nuclear Project Unit 4 (BWRX-300)", "country": "Canada", "developer": "Ontario Power Generation", "design": "GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Darlington New Nuclear Project site, Clarington, Ontario", "status": "site-prep", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Fourth of four planned BWRX-300 units at the Darlington New Nuclear Project", "sources": [ "https://www.opg.com/projects-services/projects/nuclear/smr/darlington-smr/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/what-is-the-budget-for-canadas-first-smr-project", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/opg-completes-excavation-works-at-darlington-bwrx-300-smr-project-3-1-2026" ] }, { "slug": "deep-fission-gravity", "name": "Deep Fission Gravity (DB-1)", "country": "United States", "developer": "Deep Fission", "design": "Deep Fission Borehole Reactor — 15-MWe pressurized water reactor operated roughly one mile underground in a borehole", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 15, "site": "Parsons, Kansas", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": "2025-12", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Underground borehole PWR concept; first test well drilled to 6,000 feet in 2026 (DOE OTA signed Dec 2025)", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "deployable-unity", "name": "Deployable Energy Unity", "country": "United States", "developer": "Deployable Energy", "design": "Unity Nuclear Battery — helium-cooled, LEU UO2-fueled high-temperature gas microreactor (1 MWe class, containerized)", "type": "microreactor", "capacity_mw": 1, "site": "National Reactor Innovation Center, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho", "status": "critical", "dates": { "announced": "2026-04-27", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2026-07-01", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Third DOE-authorized criticality under EO 14301; selected under the Nuclear Energy Launch Pad (successor/expansion of the Reactor Pilot Program), not among the original 11 pilot projects; ~150 days from project kick-off to zero-power fueled criticality (DOE announcement implies late June 30)", "sources": [ "https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-department-energy-meets-president-trumps-goal-delivers-third-advanced-reactor", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8175/deployable-energy-achieves-criticality-at-inl/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/criticality-for-third-us-reactor-ahead-of-4-july-deadline", "https://www.powermag.com/from-pilot-to-launch-doe-names-first-four-nuclear-energy-launch-pad-developers/" ] }, { "slug": "dresden-1", "name": "Dresden-1", "country": "United States", "developer": "Commonwealth Edison / General Electric", "design": "Boiling water reactor (BWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 197, "site": "Morris, Illinois", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1959-10-15", "grid_connection": "1960-04-15", "commercial_operation": "1960-07-04" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First privately financed nuclear power plant in the United States and first commercial BWR", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/Dresden-1", "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/decommissioning/power-reactor/dresden-nuclear-power-station-unit-1" ] }, { "slug": "duane-arnold", "name": "Duane Arnold Energy Center", "country": "United States", "developer": "NextEra Energy", "design": "GE BWR-4 (Mark I containment)", "type": "restart", "capacity_mw": 601, "site": "Palo, Iowa", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2025-10-27", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "Q1 2029", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "Restart of Iowa's only nuclear plant (ceased operation Aug 10, 2020 after derecho destroyed its cooling towers) under a 25-year PPA with Google", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-10-28/article-7501/nextera-and-google-ink-a-deal-to-restart-duane-arnold/", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-7942/nrc-shares-duane-arnold-restart-progress-at-public-hearing/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane_Arnold_Energy_Center", "https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactors/duan" ] }, { "slug": "ebr-1", "name": "EBR-I", "country": "United States", "developer": "Argonne National Laboratory", "design": "Sodium-potassium-cooled fast breeder reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.2, "site": "National Reactor Testing Station (now INL), Idaho", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1951-08-24", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First reactor to generate usable electricity from nuclear energy (four lightbulbs, December 20, 1951) and first breeder", "sources": [ "https://www.anl.gov/article/argonnes-nuclear-science-and-technology-legacy-ebri", "https://inl.gov/experimental-breeder-reactor-i/" ] }, { "slug": "el-dabaa-1", "name": "El Dabaa-1", "country": "Egypt", "developer": "Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-529", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1100, "site": "El Dabaa, Matrouh Governorate", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-07-20", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First nuclear power reactor in Egypt, built by Rosatom", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=EG" ] }, { "slug": "el-dabaa-2", "name": "El Dabaa-2", "country": "Egypt", "developer": "Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-529", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1100, "site": "El Dabaa, Matrouh Governorate", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-11", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=EG" ] }, { "slug": "el-dabaa-3", "name": "El Dabaa-3", "country": "Egypt", "developer": "Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-529", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1100, "site": "El Dabaa, Matrouh Governorate", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2023-05", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=EG" ] }, { "slug": "el-dabaa-4", "name": "El Dabaa-4", "country": "Egypt", "developer": "Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-529", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1100, "site": "El Dabaa, Matrouh Governorate", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-01", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=EG" ] }, { "slug": "f-1", "name": "F-1", "country": "Soviet Union", "developer": "Laboratory No. 2 (Kurchatov Institute)", "design": "Graphite-moderated natural uranium pile", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.024, "site": "Moscow, USSR (Kurchatov Institute)", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1946-12-25", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First reactor to go critical in Europe; launched the Soviet nuclear program and ran until 2012", "sources": [ "https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/f-1-reactor-celebrates-its-60th-anniversary", "https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/firsts/index.html" ] }, { "slug": "flamanville-3", "name": "Flamanville-3", "country": "France", "developer": "EDF; Framatome EPR design", "design": "EPR (Generation III+ PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1600, "site": "Flamanville, Normandy", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2007-12-03", "fuel_load": "2024-05", "first_criticality": "2024-09-03", "grid_connection": "2024-12-21", "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "France's first EPR and its first new reactor startup since Civaux-2 in 1999", "sources": [ "https://www.sfen.org/evenement/insights-on-flamanville-3-epr-first-criticality/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/french-epr-starts-supplying-power" ] }, { "slug": "gleep", "name": "GLEEP", "country": "United Kingdom", "developer": "Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell", "design": "Graphite Low Energy Experimental Pile (graphite-moderated, air-cooled)", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.003, "site": "Harwell, Oxfordshire", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1947-08-15", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First reactor to go critical in Western Europe", "sources": [ "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/gleep-reactor-decommissioning-completed", "https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/firsts/index.html" ] }, { "slug": "oklo-groves", "name": "Groves Isotope Test Reactor", "country": "United States", "developer": "Oklo (Atomic Alchemy / Oklo Isotopes)", "design": "Pool-type, water-cooled, non-pressurized, LEU-fueled isotope production test reactor (15 MWt)", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Lockhart, Texas", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": "2025", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "July 2026", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First advanced reactor project on private land with fully commercially sourced fuel and systems to receive DOE DSA approval; formerly Atomic Alchemy VIPR (Oklo acquired Atomic Alchemy in 2025)", "sources": [ "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260701843499/en/U.S.-Department-of-Energy-Approves-Final-Safety-Analysis-for-Oklos-Groves-Isotope-Test-Reactor-Advancing-the-Project-Toward-Operational-Authorization", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-11-14/article-7543/the-progress-so-far-an-update-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "haiyang-3", "name": "Haiyang-3", "country": "China", "developer": "SPIC", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1161, "site": "Haiyang, Shandong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-07-07", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=993", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/haiyang-3-completes-cold-tests", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power" ] }, { "slug": "haiyang-4", "name": "Haiyang-4", "country": "China", "developer": "SPIC", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1161, "site": "Haiyang, Shandong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2023-04-22", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=994", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/haiyang-3-completes-cold-tests", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power" ] }, { "slug": "kairos-hermes-1", "name": "Hermes 1", "country": "United States", "developer": "Kairos Power", "design": "KP-FHR fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature test reactor (35 MWt, non-power)", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0, "site": "Heritage Center Industrial Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-05-01", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2028", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First Gen IV reactor under NRC-licensed construction in the US (construction permit issued Dec 2023); groundbreaking July 2024, safety-related first concrete May 1, 2025", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-05-08/article-7010/first-concrete-marks-start-of-safetyrelated-construction-for-hermes-test-reactor/", "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/18/2026-09880/in-the-matter-of-kairos-power-llc-hermes-test-reactor-extension-of-latest-date-for-completion-of", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/regulator-extends-hermes-1-reactor-construction-deadline", "https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nrc-approves-construction-hermes-reactor" ] }, { "slug": "kairos-hermes-2", "name": "Hermes 2", "country": "United States", "developer": "Kairos Power", "design": "KP-FHR fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (power-producing demonstration)", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 50, "site": "K-33 site, former Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-04-17", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2030", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First power-producing Gen IV reactor to receive an NRC construction permit (Nov 2024); first deployment under the Kairos-Google 500 MW fleet agreement, with power sold to TVA", "sources": [ "https://www.kairospower.com/updates/kairos-power-breaks-ground-on-hermes-2-demonstration-plant", "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-04-21/article-7964/kairos-power-breaks-ground-on-first-powerproducing-reactor-in-oak-ridge/", "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/non-power/new-facility-licensing/hermes2-kairos" ] }, { "slug": "hinkley-point-c-1", "name": "Hinkley Point C-1", "country": "United Kingdom", "developer": "NNB Generation Company (EDF)", "design": "EPR", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1630, "site": "Bridgwater, Somerset", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2018-12", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2030", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First new nuclear power station under construction in the UK since Sizewell B", "sources": [ "https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/hinkley-point-cs-cost-climbs-to-35bn-with-confirmation-unit-1-will-power-up-in-2030-20-02-2026/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/edf-announces-hinkley-point-c-delay-and-big-rise-i", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=GB" ] }, { "slug": "hinkley-point-c-2", "name": "Hinkley Point C-2", "country": "United Kingdom", "developer": "NNB Generation Company (EDF)", "design": "EPR", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1630, "site": "Bridgwater, Somerset", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2019-12", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/hinkley-point-cs-cost-climbs-to-35bn-with-confirmation-unit-1-will-power-up-in-2030-20-02-2026/", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=GB" ] }, { "slug": "jinqimen-1", "name": "Jinqimen-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1145, "site": "Jinqimen, Ningbo, Zhejiang", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2023-12-29", "construction_start": "2025-08-10", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2167", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-gets-under-way-of-first-unit-at-jinqimen-plant" ] }, { "slug": "jinqimen-2", "name": "Jinqimen-2", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1145, "site": "Jinqimen, Ningbo, Zhejiang", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2023-12-29", "construction_start": "2026-04-04", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2208", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-of-second-jinqimen-unit-begins" ] }, { "slug": "jrr-1", "name": "JRR-1", "country": "Japan", "developer": "Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI)", "design": "Water-boiler type (aqueous homogeneous) research reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.05, "site": "Tokai, Ibaraki Prefecture", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1957-08-27", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Japan's first nuclear reactor", "sources": [ "https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/about/history.html", "https://www.aesj.net/en" ] }, { "slug": "kaiga-5", "name": "Kaiga-5", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "IPHWR-700 (PHWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 630, "site": "Kaiga, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2031", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Part of NPCIL's planned fleet of ten 700 MWe PHWRs", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-concrete-poured-for-new-kaiga-capacity-in-india", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india" ] }, { "slug": "kaiga-6", "name": "Kaiga-6", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "IPHWR-700 (PHWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 630, "site": "Kaiga, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Part of NPCIL's planned fleet of ten 700 MWe PHWRs", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-concrete-poured-for-new-kaiga-capacity-in-india", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india" ] }, { "slug": "kakrapar-3", "name": "Kakrapar-3", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL)", "design": "IPHWR-700 (indigenous 700 MWe pressurized heavy water reactor)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 630, "site": "Kakrapar, Gujarat", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2010-11-22", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2020-07-22", "grid_connection": "2021-01-10", "commercial_operation": "2023-06-30" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First of India's indigenous 700 MWe PHWR fleet to go critical", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Kakrapar-3-reaches-first-criticality", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1074" ] }, { "slug": "natrium-kemmerer", "name": "Kemmerer Unit 1 (Natrium)", "country": "United States", "developer": "TerraPower", "design": "Natrium sodium-cooled fast reactor with molten salt thermal storage (345 MWe, boostable to 500 MWe)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 345, "site": "Kemmerer, Wyoming", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2021-11", "construction_start": "2026-04-23", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2030", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First commercial-scale advanced (non-LWR) power reactor to receive an NRC construction permit (Mar 4, 2026); DOE ARDP demonstration at a retiring coal-plant site", "sources": [ "https://neutronbytes.com/2021/11/18/terrapower-selects-kemmerer-wy-for-natrium-reactor/", "https://www.terrapower.com/NRC-Approves-Natrium-Reactor-Construction-Permit", "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/terrapower-commences-construction-on-americas-first-utility-scale-advanced-nuclear-power-plant-302751734.html", "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-04-24/article-7975/terrapower-begins-construction-on-natrium-power-plant-in-kemmerer/" ] }, { "slug": "khmelnitski-3", "name": "Khmelnitski-3", "country": "Ukraine", "developer": "Energoatom", "design": "VVER-1000/V-320", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1035, "site": "Netishyn, Khmelnytskyi Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "1986-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Soviet-era unit Ukraine plans to complete with Belene equipment despite the ongoing war", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Construction-work-resumes-on-Khmelnitsky-units", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=UA" ] }, { "slug": "khmelnitski-4", "name": "Khmelnitski-4", "country": "Ukraine", "developer": "Energoatom", "design": "VVER-1000/V-320", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1035, "site": "Netishyn, Khmelnytskyi Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "1987-02", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Construction-work-resumes-on-Khmelnitsky-units", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=UA" ] }, { "slug": "kudankulam-3", "name": "Kudankulam-3", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "VVER-1000/V-412 (AES-92)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 917, "site": "Kudankulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2017-06", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=IN" ] }, { "slug": "kudankulam-4", "name": "Kudankulam-4", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "VVER-1000/V-412 (AES-92)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 917, "site": "Kudankulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2017-10", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=IN" ] }, { "slug": "kudankulam-5", "name": "Kudankulam-5", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "VVER-1000/V-412 (AES-92)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 917, "site": "Kudankulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-06", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=IN" ] }, { "slug": "kudankulam-6", "name": "Kudankulam-6", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "VVER-1000/V-412 (AES-92)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 917, "site": "Kudankulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-12", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=IN" ] }, { "slug": "kursk-ii-2", "name": "Kursk II-2", "country": "Russia", "developer": "Rosenergoatom (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-TOI", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1255, "site": "Kurchatov, Kursk Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2019-04", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Second VVER-TOI unit; Kursk II replaces the RBMK units of the original Kursk plant", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/First-concrete-for-second-Kursk-II-unit", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/first-vver-toi-nuclear-plant-connected-to-grid-at-russia-s-kursk-1-2-2026", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=RU" ] }, { "slug": "kursk-ii-3", "name": "Kursk II-3", "country": "Russia", "developer": "Rosenergoatom (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-TOI", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1255, "site": "Kurchatov, Kursk Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-01", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://etc.bellona.org/2026/04/30/weird-kursk-ii/", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/concreting-of-kursk-iis-third-reactor-building-foundation-completed", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=RU" ] }, { "slug": "last-energy-pwr-5", "name": "Last Energy PWR-5", "country": "United States", "developer": "Last Energy", "design": "PWR-5 — 5-MWe scaled pressurized water reactor prototype of the commercial 20-MWe PWR-20", "type": "microreactor", "capacity_mw": 5, "site": "Texas A&M University RELLIS Campus, Bryan, Texas", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "Q3 2026", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "Pilot-scale PWR at Texas A&M RELLIS (land lease Oct 2025; PDSA approved late May 2026)", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-11-14/article-7543/the-progress-so-far-an-update-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "leningrad-ii-3", "name": "Leningrad II-3", "country": "Russia", "developer": "Rosenergoatom (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1199, "site": "Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Replacement capacity for the original Leningrad RBMK units", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=RU" ] }, { "slug": "leningrad-ii-4", "name": "Leningrad II-4", "country": "Russia", "developer": "Rosenergoatom (Rosatom)", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1199, "site": "Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Oblast", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.nucnet.org/news/russia-pours-first-concrete-for-new-unit-at-leningrad-nuclear-power-station-3-5-2025", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/concrete-poured-for-reactor-shaft-at-leningrads-eighth-unit", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=RU" ] }, { "slug": "lianjiang-1", "name": "Lianjiang-1", "country": "China", "developer": "SPIC (Zhanjiang Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1224, "site": "Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2023-09-27", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First nuclear power plant in western Guangdong and SPIC's first CAP1000 site in the province", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1123" ] }, { "slug": "lianjiang-2", "name": "Lianjiang-2", "country": "China", "developer": "SPIC (Zhanjiang Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1224, "site": "Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-04-26", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1124" ] }, { "slug": "linglong-1", "name": "Linglong-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC (Hainan Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "ACP100 (Linglong One)", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 100, "site": "Changjiang, Hainan", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-07-13", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "World's first land-based commercial small modular reactor (ACP100 demonstration project)", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1111", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/chinese-smr-completes-non-nuclear-steam-start-up-test", "https://www.neimagazine.com/news/chinas-acp100-completes-cold-tests/" ] }, { "slug": "xe-100-seadrift", "name": "Long Mott Generating Station (Xe-100, 4 units)", "country": "United States", "developer": "X-energy / Dow (Long Mott Energy LLC)", "design": "Xe-100 high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, 4 x 80 MWe", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 320, "site": "Dow UCC Seadrift Operations site, Seadrift, Texas", "status": "announced", "dates": { "announced": "2023-05-11", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Lead Xe-100 deployment (DOE ARDP); first NRC construction permit application for a commercial advanced reactor at an industrial (chemical plant) site, supplying Dow with power and process steam", "sources": [ "https://corporate.dow.com/en-us/news/press-releases/dow-s-seadrift--texas-location-selected-for-x-energy-advanced-sm.html", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0002088896/000119312526256376/xe-20260331.htm", "https://www.powermag.com/x-energy-dow-unveil-texas-site-for-ardp-nuclear-demonstration/" ] }, { "slug": "lufeng-1", "name": "Lufeng-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN (CGN Lufeng Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1161, "site": "Lufeng, Shanwei, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2024-08-19", "construction_start": "2025-02-24", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "CGN's first CAP1000 build (site otherwise hosts Hualong One units 5-6)", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-starts-on-lufeng-unit-1", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/first-concrete-marks-start-of-construction-for-lufeng-1-cap1000-nuclear-plant-in-china-2-1-2025" ] }, { "slug": "lufeng-5", "name": "Lufeng-5", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN (CGN Lufeng Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1116, "site": "Lufeng, Shanwei, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-09-08", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First unit to start construction at the Lufeng site (units 5-6 broke ground before units 1-2)", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1113" ] }, { "slug": "lufeng-6", "name": "Lufeng-6", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN (CGN Lufeng Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1116, "site": "Lufeng, Shanwei, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2023-08-26", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1114" ] }, { "slug": "mochovce-4", "name": "Mochovce-4", "country": "Slovakia", "developer": "Slovenské elektrárne", "design": "VVER-440/V-213", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 440, "site": "Mochovce, Nitra Region", "status": "fuel-load", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "1987-01", "fuel_load": "2026-06-29", "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "Q3 2026", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "Final unit of a project begun in 1987; sister unit Mochovce 3 started up in 2023", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-begins-at-slovakias-mochovce-4", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-completed-at-mochovce-4", "https://www.ujd.gov.sk/commissioning-of-unit-4-of-the-mochovce-34-npp-has-begun/?lang=en" ] }, { "slug": "msre", "name": "MSRE (Molten Salt Reactor Experiment)", "country": "United States", "developer": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory", "design": "Graphite-moderated molten fluoride salt reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 7.4, "site": "Oak Ridge, Tennessee", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1965-06-01", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first molten-salt-fueled reactor; later became the first reactor to run on uranium-233", "sources": [ "https://www.ornl.gov/molten-salt-reactor/history", "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4237975" ] }, { "slug": "natura-msr-1", "name": "Natura MSR-1", "country": "United States", "developer": "Natura Resources", "design": "MSR-1 — 1-MWt liquid-fueled molten salt research reactor (HALEU fuel, FLiBe coolant)", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Science & Engineering Research Center, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas", "status": "site-prep", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "University-sited molten salt research reactor; ACU received an NRC construction permit in Sept 2024, and the project added a DOE authorization pathway via the Reactor Pilot Program OTA (Dec 15, 2025)", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-12-19/article-7631/natura-executes-an-ota-with-the-doe/", "https://www.naturaresources.com/natura-to-pursue-doe-authorization-for-msr-1-under-new-ota-advancing-its-reactor-towards-criticality-through-doe-s-pilot-program", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "ningde-5", "name": "Ningde-5", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1200, "site": "Ningde, Fujian", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-07-28", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2029", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2136", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-starts-on-sixth-ningde-unit", "https://www.neimagazine.com/news/first-concrete-for-unit-5-at-chinas-ningde-npp/" ] }, { "slug": "ningde-6", "name": "Ningde-6", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1117, "site": "Ningde, Fujian", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-12-16", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2030", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2137", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-starts-on-sixth-ningde-unit" ] }, { "slug": "npd", "name": "NPD (Nuclear Power Demonstration)", "country": "Canada", "developer": "AECL / Ontario Hydro / Canadian General Electric", "design": "Pressure-tube heavy-water reactor (CANDU prototype)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 22, "site": "Rolphton, Ontario", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1962-04-11", "grid_connection": "1962-06-04", "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First CANDU prototype and first nuclear-generated electricity delivered to a Canadian grid", "sources": [ "https://nuclearheritage.com/npd-another-canadian-first/", "https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/plaques/nuclear-power-demonstration-reactor" ] }, { "slug": "nucube-art", "name": "NuCube ART Reactor", "country": "United States", "developer": "NuCube Energy (with Idaho State University)", "design": "Advanced Research and Test (ART) reactor — TRISO-fueled, heat-pipe-cooled solid-state microreactor adapted from NuCube's ~4-MWth NuSun platform", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho", "status": "announced", "dates": { "announced": "2026-04-27", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Nuclear Energy Launch Pad selection (successor/expansion of the Reactor Pilot Program), not among the original 11 pilot projects; would site a test reactor on a university campus", "sources": [ "https://www.powermag.com/from-pilot-to-launch-doe-names-first-four-nuclear-energy-launch-pad-developers/", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-7988/doe-selects-first-companies-for-nuclear-launch-pad/", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/" ] }, { "slug": "obninsk-aps-1", "name": "Obninsk APS-1", "country": "Soviet Union", "developer": "Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Soviet Academy of Sciences", "design": "AM-1 graphite-moderated water-cooled channel reactor", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 5, "site": "Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, USSR", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1954-05-09", "grid_connection": "1954-06-26", "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First nuclear power plant to deliver electricity to a civilian grid (June 26, 1954)", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-1703/anniversary-at-obninsk-the-first-commercial-nuclear-power-plant/", "https://www.neimagazine.com/advanced-reactorsfusion/obninsk-number-one/" ] }, { "slug": "ohma-1", "name": "Ohma-1", "country": "Japan", "developer": "Electric Power Development Co (J-Power)", "design": "ABWR (designed for full-MOX core)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1328, "site": "Ohma, Aomori Prefecture", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2010-05", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Designed as the world's first commercial reactor able to run a full MOX core", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cma_Nuclear_Power_Plant", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/japan-nuclear-power", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=JP" ] }, { "slug": "oklo-aurora-inl", "name": "Oklo Aurora-INL", "country": "United States", "developer": "Oklo", "design": "Aurora Powerhouse — liquid-metal-cooled, metal-fueled fast reactor", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 75, "site": "Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": "2025-09", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Oklo's first Aurora Powerhouse deployment; broke ground at INL September 2025 with Kiewit", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-09-29/article-7414/oklo-breaks-ground-at-inl-on-aurora-reactor/", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "oklo-pluto", "name": "Oklo Pluto", "country": "United States", "developer": "Oklo (with Battelle / Idaho National Laboratory)", "design": "Plutonium-fueled fast test reactor supporting advanced fuel and component development", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Not yet announced (Idaho National Laboratory expected)", "status": "announced", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Oklo's second Reactor Pilot Program project; pursued under a strategic partnership project (SPP) with Battelle, in which Battelle retains design control (unlike the standard OTA pathway)", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-11-14/article-7543/the-progress-so-far-an-update-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "olkiluoto-3", "name": "Olkiluoto-3", "country": "Finland", "developer": "TVO; Areva-Siemens EPR design", "design": "EPR (Generation III+ PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1600, "site": "Olkiluoto Island, Eurajoki", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2005-08-12", "fuel_load": "2021-03", "first_criticality": "2021-12-21", "grid_connection": "2022-03-12", "commercial_operation": "2023-04-16" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First EPR in Europe and Western Europe's first new reactor in over 15 years", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Olkiluoto-EPR-starts-up", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=860" ] }, { "slug": "paks-5", "name": "Paks-5 (Paks II)", "country": "Hungary", "developer": "Paks II Ltd (MVM Group; Rosatom-built)", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1185, "site": "Paks, Tolna County", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-02-05", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First of two new VVER-1200 units at Paks; first concrete marked formal transition to under-construction status per IAEA criteria", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-concrete-poured-for-hungarys-paks-ii-nuclear-project", "https://www.paks2.hu/web/paks-2-en/w/the-foundation-work-of-unit-5-has-started", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=HU" ] }, { "slug": "palisades", "name": "Palisades", "country": "United States", "developer": "Holtec International (Palisades Energy LLC)", "design": "Combustion Engineering PWR", "type": "restart", "capacity_mw": 800, "site": "Covert Township, Michigan", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2023-10", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First-ever US restart of a reactor from decommissioning status (shut down May 2022); NRC returned the plant to an operating license in 2025", "sources": [ "https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/holtec-to-get-1-5bn-loan-to-restart-palisades-nuclear-power-plant-in-michigan/", "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/palisades-receives-fuel-ahead-of-restart", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8187/palisades-restart-projects-holtec-ipo-lawsuit-dismissal-but-no-restart-date/", "https://www.michiganpublic.org/environment-climate-change/2025-12-17/palisades-nuclear-plant-restart-plans-pushed-back-to-early-2026" ] }, { "slug": "holtec-smr-300-palisades", "name": "Palisades Pioneer 1 & 2 (SMR-300)", "country": "United States", "developer": "Holtec International (with Hyundai E&C)", "design": "Holtec SMR-300 PWR (twin units; capacity shown is per unit)", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": 300, "site": "Palisades site, Covert Township, Michigan", "status": "announced", "dates": { "announced": "2025-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2031", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First SMR-300 deployment, co-located with the restarting Palisades plant; phased construction permit application (Part 1 submitted Dec 2025) seeks early-construction authorization", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-7673/holtec-submits-partial-construction-permit-application-for-smrs-at-palisades/", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/us-nuclear-regulator-accepts-partial-construction-permit-application-for-palisades-smrs-2-3-2026", "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/22/2026-01143/smr-llc-pioneer-units-1-and-2-phased-construction-permit-application-limited-work-authorization", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8187/palisades-restart-projects-holtec-ipo-lawsuit-dismissal-but-no-restart-date/" ] }, { "slug": "pfbr", "name": "PFBR (Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor)", "country": "India", "developer": "BHAVINI (Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd)", "design": "Sodium-cooled prototype fast breeder reactor (MOX fuel)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 470, "site": "Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu", "status": "critical", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2004-10", "fuel_load": "2025-10-18", "first_criticality": "2026-04-06", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "India's first commercial-scale fast breeder reactor and the key step in stage two of its three-stage nuclear programme; criticality came roughly 15 years behind original schedule", "sources": [ "https://dae.gov.in/prototype-fast-breeder-reactor-at-kalpakkam-tamil-nadu-attains-first-criticality/", "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-criticality-for-indian-fast-breeder-reactor", "https://fissilematerials.org/blog/2026/04/indias_prototype_fast_bre_2.html" ] }, { "slug": "phenix", "name": "Phénix", "country": "France", "developer": "CEA / EDF", "design": "Sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 233, "site": "Marcoule, Gard", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1973-08-31", "grid_connection": "1973-12-13", "commercial_operation": "1974-07-14" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "France's prototype fast breeder; first commercial-pilot-scale breeder connected to a national grid", "sources": [ "https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/magazines/bulletin/bull15-5/15504793941.pdf", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/PHENIX" ] }, { "slug": "radiant-kaleidos", "name": "Radiant Kaleidos", "country": "United States", "developer": "Radiant Industries", "design": "Kaleidos — helium-cooled, HALEU TRISO-fueled portable microreactor (1 MWe)", "type": "microreactor", "capacity_mw": 1, "site": "DOME test bed (NRIC), Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "Q3 2026", "expected_confidence": "high", "significance": "First full-power test authorization (DARK approval, Feb 2026) under the Reactor Pilot Program; took possession of INL's DOME facility April 1, 2026; also selected for the Nuclear Energy Launch Pad", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/triso-fuel-delivered-for-kaleidos-reactor-experiment", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/status-of-the-doe-reactor-pilot-project/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "rajasthan-8", "name": "Rajasthan-8 (RAPP-8)", "country": "India", "developer": "Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)", "design": "IPHWR-700 (PHWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 630, "site": "Rawatbhata, Rajasthan", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2011-09", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=IN" ] }, { "slug": "rooppur-1", "name": "Rooppur-1", "country": "Bangladesh", "developer": "Nuclear Power Plant Company Bangladesh Ltd (Rosatom-built)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-523", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1080, "site": "Rooppur, Ishwardi, Pabna District", "status": "fuel-load", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2017-11-30", "fuel_load": "2026-04-28", "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "First nuclear power reactor in Bangladesh", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-begins-for-bangladeshs-first-nuclear-power-plant", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/nuclear-fuel-loading-completed-at-rooppur-1", "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/operating-licence-issued-for-first-bangladesh-nuclear-power-unit", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/bangladesh" ] }, { "slug": "rooppur-2", "name": "Rooppur-2", "country": "Bangladesh", "developer": "Nuclear Power Plant Company Bangladesh Ltd (Rosatom-built)", "design": "VVER-1200/V-523", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1080, "site": "Rooppur, Ishwardi, Pabna District", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2018-07-14", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/operating-licence-issued-for-first-bangladesh-nuclear-power-unit", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/bangladesh" ] }, { "slug": "saeul-3", "name": "Saeul-3", "country": "South Korea", "developer": "Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP)", "design": "APR1400", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1340, "site": "Ulju County, Ulsan", "status": "critical", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2017-04-01", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2026-04-12", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Formerly Shin-Kori 5; operating licence issued December 2025, NSSC cleared initial criticality 10 April 2026 and it was achieved two days later. Commercial operation expected around August 2026.", "sources": [ "https://www.nucnet.org/news/south-korea-s-saeul-3-nuclear-plant-achieves-first-criticality-4-2-2026", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-korean-reactor-cleared-for-start-up", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/operating-permit-issued-for-south-koreas-saeul-3", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1074" ] }, { "slug": "saeul-4", "name": "Saeul-4", "country": "South Korea", "developer": "Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP)", "design": "APR1400", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1340, "site": "Ulju County, Ulsan", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2018-09", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Formerly Shin-Kori 6", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-korea", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=KR" ] }, { "slug": "sanao-1", "name": "San'ao-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1117, "site": "Wenzhou, Zhejiang", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2020-12-31", "fuel_load": "2025-12-24", "first_criticality": "2026-02-14", "grid_connection": "2026-03-12", "commercial_operation": "2026-04-29" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First of six planned Hualong One units at San'ao and the first Hualong One in operation in the Yangtze River Delta", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1094", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-under-way-at-new-chinese-units", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-unit-at-sanao-plant-starts-up", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-unit-at-sanao-enters-commercial-operation" ] }, { "slug": "sanao-2", "name": "San'ao-2", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1117, "site": "Wenzhou, Zhejiang", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-12-30", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Second-San-ao-unit-under-construction", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/hot-tests-completed-at-second-sanao-unit", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/china-announces-commissioning-milestones-at-two-nuclear-plants-4-3-2026" ] }, { "slug": "sanao-3", "name": "San'ao-3", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Wenzhou, Zhejiang", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-11-19", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/third-sanao-unit-under-construction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San'ao_Nuclear_Power_Plant" ] }, { "slug": "sanmen-1", "name": "Sanmen-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC; Westinghouse AP1000 design", "design": "AP1000 (Generation III+ PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1157, "site": "Sanmen, Zhejiang Province", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2009-04-19", "fuel_load": "2018-04-25", "first_criticality": "2018-06-21", "grid_connection": "2018-06-30", "commercial_operation": "2018-09-21" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first Westinghouse AP1000 to achieve criticality", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/First-AP1000-attains-first-criticality", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=880" ] }, { "slug": "sanmen-3", "name": "Sanmen-3", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC (Sanmen Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1163, "site": "Sanmen, Zhejiang", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-06-28", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First CAP1000 (localised AP1000) unit under construction in China", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=995", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/cold-testing-of-third-sanmen-unit-completed", "https://en.cnnc.com.cn/2026-02/18/c_1164475.htm" ] }, { "slug": "sanmen-4", "name": "Sanmen-4", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC (Sanmen Nuclear Power Co.)", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1163, "site": "Sanmen, Zhejiang", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2023-03-22", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=996", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/Sanmen-4" ] }, { "slug": "shidaowan-1", "name": "Shidaowan Guohe One 1", "country": "China", "developer": "SPIC / China Huaneng (State Nuclear Plant Demonstration Company)", "design": "CAP1400", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1400, "site": "Shidao Bay (Rongcheng, Weihai), Shandong", "status": "grid-connected", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2019-06-19", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": "2024-10-31", "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First-of-a-kind CAP1400 (Guohe One) demonstration unit, China's largest domestically designed PWR. Not listed in IAEA PRIS; PRIS's \"SHIDAOWAN-1\" is a separate Huaneng HPR1000 unit (construction start 2024) at the same site.", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/shidaowan-guohe-one-1", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/china-first-cap1400-begins-supplying-power", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/first-generation-iii-cap1400-nuclear-plant-connected-to-grid-11-5-2024" ] }, { "slug": "shidaowan-2", "name": "Shidaowan Guohe One 2", "country": "China", "developer": "SPIC / China Huaneng (State Nuclear Plant Demonstration Company)", "design": "CAP1400", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1400, "site": "Shidao Bay (Rongcheng, Weihai), Shandong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2020-04-21", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "Second CAP1400 (Guohe One) demonstration unit. Not listed in IAEA PRIS; PRIS's \"SHIDAOWAN-2\" is a separate Huaneng HPR1000 unit (construction start 2025) at the same site. WNA notes construction start date is from satellite data and official first concrete may be up to 12 months earlier.", "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/SHIDAOWAN-2A", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/china-first-cap1400-begins-supplying-power" ] }, { "slug": "shidaowan-htr-pm-1", "name": "Shidaowan HTR-PM (Reactor No. 1)", "country": "China", "developer": "China Huaneng / CNEC / Tsinghua University INET", "design": "HTR-PM pebble-bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 200, "site": "Shidaowan (Shidao Bay), Shandong Province", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2012-12-09", "fuel_load": "2021-08", "first_criticality": "2021-09-12", "grid_connection": "2021-12-20", "commercial_operation": "2023-12-06" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first modular pebble-bed high-temperature gas-cooled power reactor", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Chinas-HTR-PM-reactor-achieves-first-criticality", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/first-reactor-at-shidao-bay-htr-pm-plant-reaches-first-criticality-9-2-2021" ] }, { "slug": "shimane-3", "name": "Shimane-3", "country": "Japan", "developer": "Chugoku Electric Power Co", "design": "ABWR", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1325, "site": "Matsue, Shimane Prefecture", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2006-10-24", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=862", "https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/japan-nuclear-power" ] }, { "slug": "shin-hanul-3", "name": "Shin-Hanul-3", "country": "South Korea", "developer": "Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP)", "design": "APR1400", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1340, "site": "Uljin County, North Gyeongsang Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-05-20", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2032", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-of-new-korean-reactor-begins", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=KR" ] }, { "slug": "shin-hanul-4", "name": "Shin-Hanul-4", "country": "South Korea", "developer": "Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP)", "design": "APR1400", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1340, "site": "Uljin County, North Gyeongsang Province", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-05-29", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2033", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-starts-for-shin-hanul-unit-4", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=KR" ] }, { "slug": "shippingport", "name": "Shippingport", "country": "United States", "developer": "US AEC / Westinghouse; operated by Duquesne Light", "design": "Pressurized water reactor (PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 60, "site": "Shippingport, Pennsylvania", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1957-12-02", "grid_connection": "1957-12-18", "commercial_operation": "1958-05-26" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First full-scale civilian pressurized water reactor in the United States", "sources": [ "https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/shippingport-atomic-power-station-worlds-first-full-scale-atomic-electric-power-plant", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/SHIPPINGPORT" ] }, { "slug": "taipingling-1", "name": "Taipingling-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1116, "site": "Huizhou, Guangdong", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2019-12-26", "fuel_load": "2025-12-24", "first_criticality": "2026-02-03", "grid_connection": "2026-02-13", "commercial_operation": "2026-04-19" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First of six planned Hualong One units at Taipingling and the first Hualong One to enter operation in the Greater Bay Area", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1084", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/fuel-loading-under-way-at-new-chinese-units", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-unit-at-chinas-taipingling-plant-starts-up", "https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/taipingling-1-connected-to-the-grid", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-taipingling-unit-enters-commercial-operation" ] }, { "slug": "taipingling-2", "name": "Taipingling-2", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1116, "site": "Huizhou, Guangdong", "status": "grid-connected", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2020-10-15", "fuel_load": "2026-05-03", "first_criticality": "2026-06-25", "grid_connection": "2026-07-04", "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1091", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/second-taipingling-unit-starts-up", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/second-taipingling-unit-begins-supplying-power" ] }, { "slug": "taipingling-3", "name": "Taipingling-3", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1209, "site": "Huizhou, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-06-10", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2142", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-begins-on-fourth-taipingling-unit" ] }, { "slug": "taipingling-4", "name": "Taipingling-4", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1209, "site": "Huizhou, Guangdong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-05-10", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2143", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-begins-on-fourth-taipingling-unit" ] }, { "slug": "taishan-1", "name": "Taishan-1", "country": "China", "developer": "TNPJVC (CGN / EDF); Framatome EPR design", "design": "EPR (Generation III+ PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1660, "site": "Taishan, Guangdong Province", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2009-11-18", "fuel_load": "2018-04-10", "first_criticality": "2018-06-06", "grid_connection": "2018-06-29", "commercial_operation": "2018-12-13" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "World's first EPR to achieve criticality and grid connection", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/First-EPR-unit-enters-commercial-operation", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=915" ] }, { "slug": "terrestrial-tetra", "name": "Terrestrial Energy Project Tetra", "country": "United States", "developer": "Terrestrial Energy", "design": "Project Tetra — scaled prototype of the IMSR integral molten salt reactor (commercial IMSR plant rated ~390 MWe), LEU fuel", "type": "smr", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "Texas A&M University RELLIS Campus, Bryan, Texas", "status": "announced", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "Only molten-salt SMR-class project in the Reactor Pilot Program cohort; early stage — testing to support licensing applications, no construction start yet", "sources": [ "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-11-14/article-7543/the-progress-so-far-an-update-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "tianwan-7", "name": "Tianwan-7", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1171, "site": "Lianyungang, Jiangsu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-05-19", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2026", "expected_confidence": "medium", "significance": "Set to be the first VVER-1200 reactor to enter service in China", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1105", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/key-commissioning-tests-completed-at-tianwan-7", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-vver-1200-fuel-delivered-to-china" ] }, { "slug": "tianwan-8", "name": "Tianwan-8", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1171, "site": "Lianyungang, Jiangsu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-02-25", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1110", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/reactor-vessel-installed-at-tianwan-8" ] }, { "slug": "valar-ward-250", "name": "Valar Atomics Ward 250", "country": "United States", "developer": "Valar Atomics", "design": "Helium-cooled, graphite-moderated, HALEU TRISO-fueled high-temperature gas reactor (100 kWt)", "type": "microreactor", "capacity_mw": null, "site": "San Rafael Energy Research Center, Emery County, Utah", "status": "critical", "dates": { "announced": "2025-08-12", "construction_start": "2025-09-25", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2026-06-18", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First DOE-authorized reactor built outside a national laboratory; DOE-authorized zero-power fueled criticality June 18 (company reported an earlier non-DOE zero-power criticality in Nov 2025); power ascension to 10 kWt on June 22, 2026", "sources": [ "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-celebrates-second-advanced-reactor-achieving-criticality", "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-06-22/article-8136/valars-ward-250-reaches-criticality-in-utah/", "https://www.ans.org/news/article-8178/the-deadline-arrives-checking-in-on-the-reactor-pilot-program/", "https://partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/status-of-the-doe-reactor-pilot-project/", "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-initial-selections-new-reactor-pilot-program" ] }, { "slug": "vogtle-3", "name": "Vogtle-3", "country": "United States", "developer": "Georgia Power / Southern Nuclear; Westinghouse AP1000 design", "design": "AP1000 (Generation III+ PWR)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1117, "site": "Waynesboro, Georgia", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2013-03-12", "fuel_load": "2022-10-14", "first_criticality": "2023-03-06", "grid_connection": "2023-04-01", "commercial_operation": "2023-07-31" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First AP1000 in the United States and first US reactor built from scratch in over three decades", "sources": [ "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Vogtle-3-reaches-initial-criticality", "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1041" ] }, { "slug": "x-10-graphite-reactor", "name": "X-10 Graphite Reactor", "country": "United States", "developer": "Manhattan Project / Clinton Laboratories (now ORNL)", "design": "Air-cooled graphite-moderated natural uranium pile", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 4, "site": "Oak Ridge, Tennessee", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1943-11-04", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First continuously operated nuclear reactor and pilot plant for plutonium production", "sources": [ "https://www.ornl.gov/content/graphite-reactor", "https://www.energy.gov/management/x-10-graphite-reactor" ] }, { "slug": "xiapu-1", "name": "Xiapu-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "CFR-600", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 642, "site": "Xiapu, Fujian", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2017-12-29", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First CFR-600 demonstration sodium-cooled fast reactor; initial core uses Russian-supplied HEU fuel", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1101", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/Xiapu-1", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Fuel-despatched-to-China-for-CFR-600-fast-neutron" ] }, { "slug": "xiapu-2", "name": "Xiapu-2", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "CFR-600", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 600, "site": "Xiapu, Fujian", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2020-12-27", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/XIAPU-2", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/China-starts-building-second-CFR-600-fast-reactor" ] }, { "slug": "xudapu-1", "name": "Xudapu-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1000, "site": "Xingcheng, Liaoning", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2023-11-03", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=999" ] }, { "slug": "xudapu-2", "name": "Xudapu-2", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "CAP1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1000, "site": "Xingcheng, Liaoning", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-07-17", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1000" ] }, { "slug": "xudapu-3", "name": "Xudapu-3", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1200, "site": "Xingcheng, Liaoning", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2021-07-28", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2027", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1104", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/xudabao-unit-3-completes-cold-testing", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/milestones-reached-at-xudabao-construction-site" ] }, { "slug": "xudapu-4", "name": "Xudapu-4", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "VVER-1200", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1200, "site": "Xingcheng, Liaoning", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2022-05-19", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": "2028", "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1112", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/reactor-vessel-installed-at-xudabao-4" ] }, { "slug": "xuwei-1", "name": "Xuwei-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "HPR1000", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 729, "site": "Lianyungang, Jiangsu", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2026-01-16", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": "low", "significance": "First unit of the world's first large-scale nuclear-petrochemical cogeneration project, coupling HPR1000 PWRs with a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2170", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/china-starts-construction-of-innovative-nuclear-project" ] }, { "slug": "zeep", "name": "ZEEP", "country": "Canada", "developer": "National Research Council of Canada (Montreal Laboratory)", "design": "Zero-energy heavy-water-moderated natural uranium reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.000001, "site": "Chalk River Laboratories, Ontario", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1945-09-05", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First reactor to go critical outside the United States; origin of Canada's heavy-water (CANDU) lineage", "sources": [ "https://www.cns-snc.ca/media/history/zeep/zeep.html", "https://ingeniumcanada.org/artifact/zeep-nuclear-reactor" ] }, { "slug": "zhangzhou-2", "name": "Zhangzhou-2", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1126, "site": "Zhangzhou, Fujian", "status": "operating", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2020-09-04", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "2025-11-03", "grid_connection": "2025-11-22", "commercial_operation": "2026-01-01" }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1090", "https://www.nucnet.org/news/china-s-zhangzhou-2-nuclear-power-plant-begins-commercial-operation-1-1-2026", "https://en.cnnc.com.cn/2026-01/13/c_1154427.htm" ] }, { "slug": "zhangzhou-3", "name": "Zhangzhou-3", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1129, "site": "Zhangzhou, Fujian", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-02-22", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1121", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/reactor-vessel-installed-at-third-zhangzhou-unit" ] }, { "slug": "zhangzhou-4", "name": "Zhangzhou-4", "country": "China", "developer": "CNNC", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1129, "site": "Zhangzhou, Fujian", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2024-09-27", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": null, "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1122", "https://world-nuclear.org/nuclear-reactor-database/details/Zhangzhou-4" ] }, { "slug": "zhaoyuan-1", "name": "Zhaoyuan-1", "country": "China", "developer": "CGN", "design": "HPR-1000 (Hualong One)", "type": "power", "capacity_mw": 1117, "site": "Zhaoyuan, Yantai, Shandong", "status": "construction", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": "2025-11-18", "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": null, "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "First Hualong One unit to use a natural draft cooling tower (secondary-circuit cooling) instead of direct seawater cooling", "sources": [ "https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2171", "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-of-new-chinese-nuclear-power-plant-begins", "https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202511/1348484.shtml" ] }, { "slug": "zoe", "name": "ZOE (EL-1)", "country": "France", "developer": "Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA)", "design": "Heavy-water-moderated natural uranium oxide reactor", "type": "research", "capacity_mw": 0.15, "site": "Fontenay-aux-Roses, near Paris", "status": "shutdown", "dates": { "announced": null, "construction_start": null, "fuel_load": null, "first_criticality": "1948-12-15", "grid_connection": null, "commercial_operation": null }, "expected_criticality": null, "expected_confidence": null, "significance": "France's first nuclear reactor, built under Frédéric Joliot-Curie", "sources": [ "https://www.cea.fr/Pages/actualites/institutionnel/70-ans-pile-zoe.aspx", "https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/firsts/index.html" ] } ] }